Israeli mounted police disperse ultra-Orthodox Jews protesting against conscription by blocking the entrance to Jerusalem, on June 1, 2026. They oppose a change to the law on compulsory military service, from which the ultra-Orthodox community has traditionally been exempt. Under a provision established when the country was founded in 1948 when the ultra-Orthodox community was small men who dedicate themselves full-time to the study of Jewish sacred texts are effectively exempt. (Photo by AHMAD GHARABLI / AFP via Getty Images)